Structure–property relationships of copper-based metal organic frameworks for high-performance hybrid supercapacitors

Copper-based metal-organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) offer several benefits, including routes for ion diffusion and adsorption sites for ions from the electrolyte, owing to their large surface area, porosity, structural configurations, and composition. Recent advancements in this area highlight the potential to achieve high energy and power densities, improved cycle stability, and enhanced energy-storage capabilities in high-performance supercapacitors (SCs) using Cu-MOFs and their composites. Selecting appropriate metal ions and organic ligands for the MOFs enables tailoring of their conductivity, redox properties, surface area, functionality, stability, and porosity. Several approaches can be used to improve their electrochemical performance by synthesizing derivatives and composites incorporating metal oxides, chalcogenides, carbon, and conducting polymers. This review highlights recent advances in Cu-MOFs as potential SC electrodes and examines their structures, electrochemical processes, and potential for hybrid SCs. The review outlines key strategies to improve the electrochemical performance of Cu-based electrodes, including structural modification, compositional optimization, and composite design. While MOFs show substantial promise, challenges remain regarding economic feasibility, complex synthesis processes, scalability, and cyclic stability, all of which are summarized. Finally, it identifies current challenges and offers insights into the future development of Cu-based MOFs for SCs.