Actin-Binding LIM 1 (ABLIM1) Inhibits Glioblastoma Progression and Serves as a Novel Prognostic Biomarker

Figures

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  Figure 1. The ABLIM1 mRNA and protein expression in GBM. (a) The ABLIM1 mRNA level in glioma tissues with different WHO grades from the TCGA database was compared, indicating the lowest level in WHO grade IV glioma, namely the glioblastoma (GBM). The y-axis was plotted according to the transcripts per million (TPM) and converted to log2 (TPM+1). (b) The ABLIM1 mRNA level in glioma tissues with different histological types from the TCGA database was compared, showing the lowest level in glioblastoma compared with other histological types. (c) We conducted a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis to compare the survival difference of glioma patients with low or high ABLIM1 mRNA levels using the data from the TCGA database. (d) The ABLIM1 mRNA level was compared between GBM and normal brain tissues using TCGA and GTEx databases (P < 0.001). Each red dot indicates a specific mRNA level in a GBM sample, while each green dot indicates normal brain tissue. (e) Representative low ABLIM1 protein expression in GBM as reflected using IHC, demonstrating almost negative expression in specific GBM samples. (f) Representative high ABLIM1 protein expression in GBM tissues using IHC, exhibiting a positive…

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  Figure 2. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) of GBM patients. CSS of the enrolled GBM cohort (n = 104) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method according to patients' ABLIM1 level (a), age (b), sex (c), tumor size (d), surgery (e), and chemotherapy (f). ∗∗∗P < 0.001 by log-rank test.

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  Figure 3. ABLIM1 expression and function in GBM cell lines. (a) ABLIM1 protein expression was tested after ABLIM1-plasmid transfection with vector plasmid as a control in U87 and U251 GBM cell lines using western blotting. (b) The CCK-8 assay was used to assess cell proliferation in transfected U87 and U251 cell lines. (c) The colony formation capacities of transfected cells were compared in transfected U87 and U251 cell lines. ∗P < 0.05 by Student's t-test.

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  Figure 4. High ABLIM1 suppressed GBM growth in vivo. (a) The mice weight was recorded since the date of subcutaneous tumor cell injection, showing no statistically significant difference between vector and ABLIM1 groups. (b) Subcutaneous tumor growth was monitored weekly after tumor cell injection according to the tumor volume. The tumor volume was calculated using the formula: V (mm3) = (L × W2)/2 (L = tumor length and W = tumor width). (c) Four weeks after tumor cell injection, the xenografts were isolated and weighted to compare their differences. (d) Isolated xenografts were photographed, and visual size differences can be observed between vector and ABLIM1 groups. ∗P < 0.05 by Student's t-test.