Rotating flow over long shallow ridges

The flow of a rotating homogeneous, incompressible fluid past a long ridge is investigated. An analysis is presented for flows in which E ≪ 1, Ro ∼ E½, H/D ∼ E0, h/D ∼ E½ and cosα ∼ E0 where E is the Ekman number, Ro the Rossby number, H/D the fluid depth to ridge width ratio, h/D the ridge height to ridge width ratio and α the angle between the free stream flow and a line perpendicular to the ridge axis. The analysis includes effects of the nonlinear inertial terms. Particular examples of a ridge of triangular cross section and a sinusoidal topography are investigated in some detail. Experiments are presented for a triangular ridge which are in good agreement with the theory.