Metal-Oxygen Clusters: The Surface and Catalytic Properties of Heteropoly Oxometalates

1: A Brief Look at the Early History of Heteropoly Oxometalates. I. History. II. References. 2: Synthesis. I. Introduction. II. The 12-heteropoly acids. III. Various Syntheses. IV. References. 3: Characterization. I. Spectroscopy. II. Electrochemical Methods. III. Elemental Analysis. IV. Other Techniques. V. References. Chapter 4: Structure and Bulk Properties. I. Anions. II. Cations and Crystallographic Structure. III. Langmuir Films. IV. References. 5: Stability. I. Thermal Stability. II. pH Stability. III. Regeneration in the Presence of Water. IV. References. 6: Supported Heteropoly Acids and Their Derivatives. I. Supports. II. Formation of Heteropoly Acids from Oxides Supported on Silica. III. References. 7: Microporosity. I. Introduction. II. Microporosity of Salts prepared from the Monovalent Cations of the Group 1 Alkali Metals and Ammonium and Related Cations. III: A. Microporosity of the Salts Prepared from the Monovalent Cations of the Groups 11 and 13 Elements. B. Stoichiometric and Nonstoichiometric Salts of Groups 11 and 13 and Their Morphological Properties. IV. Pore Structures from 129Xe NMR. V. Sorption and Diffusion in Metal-Oxygen Cluster Compounds. VI: A. Cation Exchange and Microporosity. B. Crystal Structure and Morphology Retention on Ion Exchange. VII. Argon Adsorption. VIII.Divalent Salts. IX. Reactions on the Microporous Salts and Shape Selectivity. X. References. 8: The Two Functions: Acidity and Oxidation-Reduction. I. Acidity. II. Oxidation-Reduction. III. References. 9: Acid-Catalyzed Processes. I. Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons. II. Ethanol. III. Propene. IV. Propanol. V. Butane. VI. Butene. VII. Isobutane. VIII. Isobutene. IX. Butanol. X. Alkylation Processes. XI. Friedel-Crafts Reactions. XII. C5-C8 Alkanes. XIII. C6-C8 Alkenes. XIV. Ring-Expansion of Methylcyclopentane and Ring-Contraction of Cyclohexane. XV. References. 10: Oxidation Processes. I. A. Methane. B. The Effect of Gas Phase Additives in the Conversion of Methane on Heteropoly Oxometalates. II. Ethane. III. Propane. IV. Butane. V. Isobutane. VI. Methacrolein. VII. Isobutyric Acid. VIII. Pentane. IX. Butadiene. X. 1-Butene. XI. Cyclohexane. XII. Ammoxidation. XIII. References. 11: Environmentally-Related Processes. I. Conversion of Nitrogen Oxides. II. Hydrodesulphurization. III.Polymerization. IV. References.