Revisiting the Standard Errors of Measurement, Estimate, and Prediction and Their Application to Test Scores

In 1979 Dudek presented a simplification of Lord and Novick's 1968 work on standard errors and their application to test scores. However, the standard error of measurement has continued to be misinterpreted. The interpretations of the standard errors of measurement, estimate, and prediction are presented. The use of confidence intervals and their importance to test score interpretation are discussed.