Phytochemical Analysis and In-Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Chloroform, Water and Ethanolic Stem Extracts of Calliganum polygonoides (Phog)

Plants have been recognized long ago as rich sources of natural products for the treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. It has been reported that plant extracts are commonly used in traditional medicine and its contribution with respect to health coverage was estimated for over 80% of the world’s population, especially in the developing world. The present investigation, qualitatively evaluated the present of some certain phytochemicals in the crude extract of the macerated plant stem obtained from three solvents (ethanol 90%, distilled water and chloroform). Ethanolic extract shows higher presence of phytochemicals over water and chloroform extract. The in-vitro antibacterial activity of crude extract of the plant’s stem was tested on one gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and one gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The test was performed by simple Agar diffusion Assay. Zone of inhibition (mm) of the extracts was determined. Of the various extract that was tested ethanolic extract was the one which shows remarkable effect on the microbes (Escherichia Coli 9.40mm and Staphylococcus Aureus 14.60mm). Based on these discovery it might be concluded that Calligonum polygonoides possessed great potential against these human pathogens. It might also be speculated that these plant extract can be subjected to further chemical and biochemical analysis to characterize their chemical constituents and the chemical compound responsible for the antibacterial activity.