Effects of additives on the piezoelectric properties of Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐PbTiO 3 ‐PbZrO 3 ceramics in a perovskite‐type structure are described. The tetragonality of Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.375 ‐Ti 0.375 Zr 0.25 O 3 ceramics increased with the addition of NiO, Cr 2 O 3 , or Fe 2 O 3 but decreased with the addition of MnO 2 or CoO. The dielectric and piezoelectric properties of the base composition were improved markedly through selection of additives in proper amounts. Addition of NiO yielded a high dielectric constant and planar coupling coefficient for compositions at the morphotropic transition boundary. High mechanical Q ‐factors and low electrical dissipation factors were obtained by addition of MnO 2 . Addition of both NiO and MnO 2 produced a mechanical Q ‐factor of 2051 and a planar coupling coefficient of 0.553. The resonant frequency of Pb(Mg 1/2 Nb 2/3 ) 0.4375 Ti 0.4375 zr 0.125 O 3 containing MnO 2 had very low temperature and time dependence. The microstructure indicated that ceramics with a high mechanical Q ‐factor had a fine, uniform grain structure. Addition of Cr 2 O 3 retarded grain growth and addition of MnO 2 , NiO, CoO, or Fe 2 O 3 promoted grain growth in the ternary system.
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Ouchi et al. (1966) studied this question.
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