Surface Physicochemistry Modification and Structural Nanoarchitectures of g‐C3N4 for Wastewater Remediation and Solar Fuel Generation

The use of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been widely explored in multiple photocatalytic applications. The design and fabrication of g‐C3N4 are heavily influenced by its overall activity, whereby optical and electronic properties dictate the performance of g‐C3N4. Surface and chemical structural modifications are discussed in length to enhance photocatalytic g‐C3N4. Facile preparation of g‐C3N4 eases structural engineering at a molecular level. This review highlights and recapitulates recent progress on the strategies to enhance both structural and chemical properties of the g‐C3N4 structure via surface functionalization and grafting, defect creation, elemental doping, covalent bonding with nonmetal and heterojunction interfacial formation. The emerging applications of g‐C3N4 in numerous photocatalytic reactions are discussed. The significance of g‐C3N4‐based photocatalyst in various photocatalytic reactions signifies the imminent progress of frontier technologies. Thus, it is integral to overcome lurking challenges and devise superactive photocatalytic activity at a molecular level for sustainable environmental and energy‐related applications.