A magnetic nanoparticle in a vortex state is a promising candidate for information storage. One bit of information corresponds to the upward or downward magnetization of the vortex core (vortex polarity). The generic properties of the vortex polarity switching are insensitive to the way that the vortex dynamics has been excited: by an ac magnetic field, or by an electrical current. We study theoretically the switching process and describe in detail its mechanism, which involves the creation and annihilation of an intermediate vortex-antivortex pair.
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