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A ferroelectriclike hysteresis loop was obtained at room temperature for CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) ceramic. The remnant polarization and coercive field for 1100°C∕5h sintered CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics were 0.063μC∕cm2 and 195V∕cm, respectively. Remnant polarization increased while the coercive field decreased with increase in sintering temperature/duration, implying that these were microstructural dependent. The observation of the hysteresis loop for CCTO ceramic was corroborated by its pyroelectric behavior, and the pyroelectric current at room temperature was −0.0028nA. These findings were attributed to the presence of mixed-valent Ti ions, apart from off center displacement of Ti ions in TiO6 octahedra.
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Prakash et al. (2007) studied this question.
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