Carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically induce cytotoxic effects in esophageal cancer cells

Fig. 1. Cytotoxic effects of (A) EGCG and (B) carboplatin in single treatments (various concentrations). In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of EGCG and carboplatin in single treatments after 24 h, the cell viability was assessed in various concentrations by MTT assay. The cell viability decreased in dose-dependent manner (in both agents). Data represent mean ± SD. EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Fig. 2. Results of cell viability assay using MTT assay in single and combined treated cases with EGCG and CP after 24 h in esophageal cancer cells. Cellular viability assay after 24 h of various treatments by MTT test in KYSE-30 cell line was decreased versus control. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001 indicates significant differences compared to the untreated control, ###P < 0.001versus EGCG (IC50), and $$$P < 0.001 against CP (IC50) group. CP, Carboplatin; EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Fig. 3. Results of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay in single and combined treated cases with EGCG and CP after 24 h in esophageal cancer cells. Gene expression ratios of (A) caspase 8, (B) caspase 9, and (C) Bcl-2 is shown. Gene expression ratios in various treatments in KYSE-30 cells were evaluated and data were normalized to the housekeeping gene (β-actin) and presented as mean fold change ± SD. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001 indicate significant differences compared to the untreated control, #P < 0.05 and ###P < 0.001 versus CP (IC50), and $$$P < 0.001 against EGCG (IC50) group. CP, Carboplatin; EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Fig. 4. Results of lactic acid (lactate) assessment in KYSE 30 cells following single and combined treated cases with EGCG and CP after 24 h in esophageal cancer cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate significant differences compared to the untreated control, #P < 0.05versus EGCG (IC50), and $P < 0.05 against CP (IC50) group. CP, Carboplatin; EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate.

Fig. 5. Results of TAC assay in single and combined treated cases with EGCG and CP after 24 h in esophageal cancer cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001 indicates significant differences compared to the untreated control, ###P < 0.001 versus EGCG (IC50), and $$$ P < 0.001 against CP (IC50) group. CP, Carboplatin; EGCG, epigallocatechin-3-gallate; TAC, total antioxidant capacity.