Key result
Hypertension-induced circumferential wall tension and hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress, exacerbated by turbulent blood flow, drive distinct adaptive aorta remodeling responses in rats.
Why the study?
Do distinct atherogenic stimuli (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and turbulent flow) induce different aorta remodeling responses in a rat model?
Do distinct atherogenic stimuli (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and turbulent flow) induce different aorta remodeling responses in a rat model?
Hypertension and hypercholesterolemia induce distinct aortic remodeling pathways, with hypertension acting via mechanical stretch and TGF-beta, and hypercholesterolemia acting via oxidative stress exacerbated by turbulent flow.
Rat model delineates stimulus-specific aortic remodeling; hypothesis-generating and requires human validation before any clinical inference.
This review is based on recently published data from our laboratory. We investigated the role of hypertension and laminar flow, hypercholesterolemia and laminar flow and turbulent blood flow/low wall shear stress, and turbulent blood flow/low wall shear stress associated with hypercholesterolemia on aorta remodeling of rats feeding normal diet or hypercholesterolemic diet. Our findings suggest that increased circumferential wall tension due to hypertension plays a key role in the remodeling through biomechanical effects on oxidative stress and increased TGF-beta expression; the remodeling observed in the presence of hypercholesterolemia could be initiated by oxidative stress that is involved in several processes of atherogenesis and this remodeling is more pronounced in the presence of turbulent blood flow/low wall shear stress.
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Prado et al. (2008) conducted a review in Aorta remodeling and atherosclerosis. Aorta coarctation and hypercholesterolemic diet vs. Sham-operated rats on normal diet was evaluated on Aorta remodeling (intimal and medial thickening). Hypertension-induced circumferential wall tension and hypercholesterolemia-induced oxidative stress, exacerbated by turbulent blood flow, drive distinct adaptive aorta remodeling responses in rats.
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