Technology‐based effluent standards: The U.S. case

This paper discusses the role of technology‐based standards in U. S. environmental policy, procedures used by EPA in establishing standards, issues in their implementation, and economic consequences. Technology‐based standards are shown to have complexities of their own and to involve difficult judgments about technology, feasibility, and the degree to which cost and benefit considerations should influence standard setting. Technology‐based standards are not necessarily easier to implement than other strategies.