Key result
Healthy LV twisting involves clockwise basal and counter-clockwise apical rotation during systole.
Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
Design
Review
Describes normal LV twist for echo reference; leaves open standardization and validation in disease.
In case of a healthy heart basal part of the left ventricle rotates clockwise in systole, while the apex rotates counter-clockwise. This sort of squeezing-turning motion is called "twisting" of the heart. The aim of the current review is to summarize knowledge regarding left ventricular rotation and twist as well as methodological aspects of their evaluation.
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Nemes et al. (2012) studied this question.
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