Use of “MAPS” for determining the optimal surgical approach to metastatic disease of the thoracolumbar spine: anterior, posterior, or combined

The surgical treatment of thoracolumbar metastases is controversial, and various approaches have been described. No single approach, however, is always applicable, and the optimal surgical strategy for any individual is determined by several interrelated factors. The authors have grouped these factors into four preoperative planning considerations that form the mnemonic "MAPS": 1) method of resection; 2) anatomy of spinal disease; 3) patient's level of fitness; and 4) stabilization. The choice of approach is also considered in light of the goals of surgery, including the relief of pain, neurological palliation, spinal stabilization, and oncological control.