Key result
Dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota improve blood pressure and triglycerides without affecting other cardiometabolic parameters.
Why the study?
Diet modulates gut microbiota, which produces metabolites suggested to modulate insulin resistance in cardiometabolic diseases, prompting an assessment of whether these diseases can be modulated via dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota.
Do dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota improve clinical outcomes in cardiometabolic diseases?
Meta-Analysis
Do dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota improve clinical outcomes in cardiometabolic diseases?
Dietary interventions targeting gut microbiota may modulate blood pressure and circulating triglycerides, though current evidence is limited by high heterogeneity and risk of bias.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Dietary interventions may modestly lower diastolic BP and triglycerides via GM shifts; leaves open consistent CMD benefits pending low-bias trials.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) have shared properties and causes. Insulin resistance is a risk factor and characteristic of CMDs and has been suggested to be modulated by plasma metabolites derived from gut microbiota (GM). Because diet is among the most important modulators of GM, we performed a systematic review of the literature to assess whether CMDs can be modulated via dietary interventions targeting the GM. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature for clinical studies was performed on Ovid MEDLINE and Ovid Embase. Studies were assessed for risk of bias and patterns of intervention effects. A meta-analysis with random effects models was used to evaluate the effect of dietary interventions on clinical outcomes. Other CMD parameters were not affected. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary interventions modulate GM composition, blood pressure, and circulating triglycerides. However, current studies have a high methodological heterogeneity and risk of bias. Well-designed and controlled studies are thus necessary to better understand the complex interaction between diet, microbiome, and CMDs. PROSPERO: CRD42020188405.
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Attaye et al. (2022) conducted a meta-analysis in Cardiometabolic diseases. Dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota was evaluated on Clinical outcomes and cardiometabolic parameters (p=.04). Dietary interventions targeting the gut microbiota modulated composition, blood pressure, and circulating triglycerides (P = .04), but other cardiometabolic parameters were not affected.
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