Key result
Contraceptive therapy and menstrual cycle phases are linked to ~115 differential urinary protein spots.
Why the study?
Does contraceptive therapy or menstrual cycle phase alter the urinary proteome in healthy fertile women?
Observational (n=33)
Does contraceptive therapy or menstrual cycle phase alter the urinary proteome in healthy fertile women?
The study identifies variations in urinary proteins associated with the menstrual cycle and contraceptive pill use, which may be relevant for contraceptive research and RAAS modulation.
Menstrual cycle phase and contraceptives were associated with urinary proteome changes; hypothesis-generating for biomarker standardization and RAAS research in women.
PURPOSE: In the frame of a research study on possible urinary markers related to physiological hormones cycle, 33 volunteer, healthy, normotensive fertile women were selected. Clinical parameters and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) components were also investigated, on the basis of the well-known relation linking sex female hormones and renin and aldosterone levels. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A classic proteomic approach was applied to investigate urinary protein changes at different stages of menstrual cycle, specifically mid-cycle phase (G1), luteal phase (G2) and after 2 months of contraceptive therapy (G3). Analysis of urinary proteome was performed by SDS-PAGE, 2-D PAGE, Western blotting, and protein identification by HPLC-MS/MS. RESULTS: In the four comparisons examined (G1 vs. G2; G1 vs. G3; G2 vs. G3 and G(G1+G2) vs. G3), a total of 115 protein spots were differentially represented among the subgroups. Data validation was performed by replicated experiments of immunoblotting. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The present work highlights for the first time variations with menstrual cycle or estroprogestin pill of newly discovered, or never related, urinary proteins. In particular, possible protein markers could be useful for further applications in contraceptive target research and RAAS modulation-related topics.
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Castagna et al. (2011) conducted an observational in Healthy, normotensive fertile women (n=33). Menstrual cycle phases and contraceptive therapy vs. Different stages (mid-cycle phase, luteal phase, contraceptive therapy) was evaluated on Differentially represented protein spots. Urinary proteomic analysis across different menstrual cycle phases and after 2 months of contraceptive therapy identified 115 differentially represented protein spots among 33 healthy women.
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