The vertical structure of traveling planetary-scale waves is investigated using spherical harmonics of the geopotential field at levels from 1000 mb. to 10 mb., obtained from ESSA analyses. Fluctuations of the large-scale harmonics are analyzed using vector regression methods. Westward-moving planetary-scale waves are shown to be present throughout the year at all the levels analyzed, with upward increasing amplitude in winter.
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Deland et al. (1968) studied this question.
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