From Biogas to Biofuel: Materials Used for Biogas Cleaning to Biomethane

Biomethane is one of the biofuel sources produced from biogas which is an important source of renewable energy. Since it is an alternative and clean energy source, its implementation as fuel source applying established energy infrastructure is an attractive opportunity. However, biogas as a source of biomethane contains undesirable compounds, e.g., H2S, NH3, siloxanes, water, etc. and needs to be decontaminated before usage. Biogas cleaning technologies are presented from a material point of view along with their property modifications. A brief discussion of materials applied in technologies with a particular emphasis on biogas cleaning is followed by the alternative properties and possibilities of liquid and solid adsorbents as well as chemical reactions used for biogas cleaning to produce biomethane suitable as fuel source to replace or reduce fossil fuel consumption.