Population dynamics of heterotrophic dinoflagellates during a Gymnodinium mikimotoi red tide in the Seto Inland Sea

Populations of heterotrophic dinoflagellates, phytoplankton and ciliates were monitored daily during summer 1994 in the Seto Inland Sea.Japan.The growth rates of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in screened seawater (c50 pm) were also measured.During the survey period, a Gymnodinium milumotoi red tide occurred, continued for 1 wk and disappeared.Following the outbreak of the red tide, abundance and growth rates of heterotrophic dinoflagellates (mainly composed of Gyrodinium dominans and Gyrodinium spirale) increased rapidly.Calculations of the impact of grazing by the heterotrophic dinoflagellates on the G. mjkjmotoi red tide strongly suggest that they played an important role in the disappearance of the red tide.On the other hand, the ciliate population (mainly composed of oligotrichs of ca 45 pm) did not respond to the red tide but covaried with the population of small (2 to 8 pm) flagellates, suggesting that ciliates are not direct competitors of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in this region.