Surface Characteristics and Bioactivity of Oxide Films with Haloid Ions Formed by Micro-Arc Oxidation on Titanium in Vitro

Ti-based implant materials have specific complications associated with their applications because of their unsatisfactory bioactivity. Hence, a surface which displays selective biointeractivity, i.e., enhancing the bioactivity of material but inhibiting pathogenic microbial adhesion, would be highly desirable. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the haloid ions on the bioactivity of Ti oxide film via the micro-arc oxidation (MAO). After MAO treatment, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed the titanium surfaces were covered by porous titania of anatase and/or rutile. In simulated body fluid, titanium treated with MAO could induce apatite formation on its surface. SEM and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed there were some particles covered, and the Ca/P, Si, and haloid ions deposited on the surfaces of MAO groups. Our results showed that induction of apatite-forming ability on titanium metal and co-deposition of TiO2 film and haloid ions could be attained by MAO. So it is believed that MAO is an effective way to prepare bioactive titanium and the haloid ions may not have an effect on the bioactivity of the TiO2 film, which can be applied to transcutaneous implant.