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September 10, 2026Critical Reviews in Microbiology

Targeting the Candida albicans agglutinin-like sequence 3 adhesin to disrupt oral polymicrobial bacterial–fungal biofilms: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies

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Authors

AJAqib JavaidNTNazia TabassumYSYashfeen Munib Siddiqui

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Overview

Narrative review reveals Als3-driven co-aggregation in oral polymicrobial biofilms, highlighting targeted anti-adhesin therapies as a dual-action approach against antimicrobial tolerance.

Key Points

  • To review the structural and regulatory mechanisms governing Candida albicans Als3-mediated polymicrobial biofilm formation and evaluate therapeutic strategies targeting this adhesin.
  • Analyzed the molecular architecture, domain organization, and regulatory pathways of the Als3 hypha-specific adhesin.
  • Examined molecular binding mechanisms between Als3 and bacterial adhesins, including staphylococcal MSCRAMMs, streptococcal antigen I/II, and Porphyromonas gingivalis InlJ.
  • Synthesized preclinical and clinical evidence for anti-Als3 interventions, including vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, competitive peptides, and small-molecule inhibitors.
  • Als3 serves as the primary structural scaffold facilitating bacterial–fungal co-aggregation via its N-terminal peptide-binding cavity and amyloid-forming region.
  • Co-biofilms dependent on Als3 exhibit amplified antimicrobial tolerance, architectural complexity, and interkingdom metabolic cooperation compared to single-species biofilms.
  • Interventions targeting Als3, including the NDV-3A vaccine and peptide or small-molecule inhibitors, simultaneously disrupt fungal adhesion and bacterial colonization within oral biofilms.

Cite This Study

Javaid et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa27ab158559d80afc736d1https://doi.org/10.1080/1040841x.2026.2727092
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