What does this research mean for the field?

Despite being co-endemic in the same broad geographic region, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever and brucellosis exhibit divergent spatiotemporal dynamics, with distinct seasonal patterns and significantly lower than expected same-settlement co-occurrence. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

To determine whether Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and brucellosis exhibit convergent or divergent spatiotemporal distribution patterns across geographic scales in an endemic region.

September 10, 2026Tropical Medicine and Infectious DiseaseOpen Access

Co-Endemic Zoonoses, Divergent Dynamics: A Comparative Spatiotemporal Analysis of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Brucellosis with Implications for Integrated Surveillance

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Authors

SKSerdar Karakullukçu İDİrem Dilaver MTMurat Topbaş

Discussion

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Overview

Retrospective surveillance study reveals divergent spatiotemporal patterns for two co-endemic zoonoses in rural populations, indicating interventions require disease-specific targeting.

Key Points

To determine whether Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and brucellosis exhibit convergent or divergent spatiotemporal distribution patterns across geographic scales in an endemic region.
Analyzed 611 confirmed human cases of CCHF (n = 442) and brucellosis (n = 116) reported to the national infectious disease surveillance system in Türkiye between 2011 and 2024.
Applied kernel density estimation, settlement-level random labeling, and within- and cross-disease Knox tests to quantify temporal trends and spatiotemporal clustering.
CCHF demonstrated strict seasonality, with 99.3% of cases occurring between April and September, whereas brucellosis cases occurred continuously throughout the year.
Co-occurrence within the same settlement was significantly lower than expected by chance (observed-to-expected ratio = 0.37; p < 0.001), remaining lower in sensitivity analysis (observed-to-expected ratio = 0.74; p = 0.001).
Cross-disease Knox tests revealed no spatiotemporal clustering between diseases, with CCHF incidence peaking in 2020–2021 and brucellosis incidence peaking in 2022–2024.

Cite This Study

Karakullukçu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa27bfe58559d80afc7581e https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11090255

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September 10, 2026Tropical Medicine and Infectious DiseaseOpen Access

Co-Endemic Zoonoses, Divergent Dynamics: A Comparative Spatiotemporal Analysis of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever and Brucellosis with Implications for Integrated Surveillance

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

SKSerdar Karakullukçu İDİrem Dilaver MTMurat Topbaş

Discussion

Member takes

Overview

Retrospective surveillance study reveals divergent spatiotemporal patterns for two co-endemic zoonoses in rural populations, indicating interventions require disease-specific targeting.

Key Points

To determine whether Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) and brucellosis exhibit convergent or divergent spatiotemporal distribution patterns across geographic scales in an endemic region.
Analyzed 611 confirmed human cases of CCHF (n = 442) and brucellosis (n = 116) reported to the national infectious disease surveillance system in Türkiye between 2011 and 2024.
Applied kernel density estimation, settlement-level random labeling, and within- and cross-disease Knox tests to quantify temporal trends and spatiotemporal clustering.
CCHF demonstrated strict seasonality, with 99.3% of cases occurring between April and September, whereas brucellosis cases occurred continuously throughout the year.
Co-occurrence within the same settlement was significantly lower than expected by chance (observed-to-expected ratio = 0.37; p < 0.001), remaining lower in sensitivity analysis (observed-to-expected ratio = 0.74; p = 0.001).
Cross-disease Knox tests revealed no spatiotemporal clustering between diseases, with CCHF incidence peaking in 2020–2021 and brucellosis incidence peaking in 2022–2024.

Cite This Study

Karakullukçu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6aa27bfe58559d80afc7581e https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed11090255

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