Surface-specific sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy was used to study the structure of a rubbed polyimide surface. The spectra showed that the polymer backbones were well aligned by rubbing along the rubbing direction, and the imide cores were inclined toward the surface plane with a broad distribution. Quantitative analysis yields an approximate orientational distribution function for the aligned imide cores and the backbones.
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Kim et al. (2001) studied this question.
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