Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
We present an atomic force microscope (AFM) for operation at low temperatures under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. It uses the laser beam deflection method to measure the bending of the cantilever. The four quadrant photodiode allows the detection of vertical and lateral forces. The AFM has been developed for studying biological samples. Images of deoxyribonucleic acid plasmids have been obtained in contact mode.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Rađenović et al. (2003) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: