Synthesis of patch antennas loaded by inhomogeneous substrates via a combined spectral domain: Genetic algorithm approach

The optimized design of patch antennas with inhomogeneous loading materials is presented in this paper. The analysis and a first coarse design of the antennas is applied to a numerical tool based on the method of moments (MoM) and on a full‐wave formulation developed in the spectral domain that exploits both rigorous and asymptotic closed‐form expressions of the Green's function for a stratified integrated structure with inhomogeneous substrates. In order to match the specific prescribed requirements for the antennas, then, the optimization of the patch shape (fine design) is performed by a dedicated subroutine implementing the genetic algorithm (GA) search and integrated in the aforementioned MoM numerical tool. Some numerical results showing the capabilities of the code are finally presented.