Editorial: Genomic insights into sheep and goat breeding efficiency

the dichotomy between "protecting grassland ecology" and "improving livestock productivity." Such related research is a core focus in animal husbandry, veterinary science, genetics, and ecology [7] .In recent years, research on grazing livestock has progressed from traditional phenotypic observations and population surveys to a new stage of elucidating the molecular mechanisms of phenotypes and molecularly-informed breeding [8] . In-depth research has been conducted on key economic traits, such as growth, reproduction, disease prevention, and the control of grazing livestock [9] . Related research provides scientific solutions to the problems faced in grassland animal husbandry, such as long breeding cycles, difficult trait improvements, and insufficient ecological adaptability In summary, the 13 research reports in this Special Issue comprehensively present the current research frontiers in the field of grazing livestock, including an in-depth analysis of the genetic resources of livestock species, such as yaks and Yunling cattle; innovative exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of key traits, such as hair follicles and reproduction; and practical breakthroughs in technologies, such as cross-breeding.These achievements not only enrich the theoretical system of grazing livestock biology but also provide scientific support for the synergistic advancement of animal health, ecological protection, and commercial development under the "One Health" concept.