Understanding Japanese sardine migrations using acoustic and other aids

The migration routes of the Japanese sardine in the Kuroshio and Oyashio transition area were investigated using acoustic aids, satellite images, aerial observations, and commercial catch data.Japanese sardine schools were distributed in warm streamers, especially at their heads, where phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass were most heavily concentrated.These observations suggest that warm streamers play an important role in the northward migration of Japanese sardines.