It has been suggested that a cavity is formed in the path of an electron beam and that this cavity accounts for the deep penetration capability of an electron beam welder. An experimental technique utilizing a high energy pulsed x-ray source was developed to obtain radiographs of the cavity during the actual welding process. These radiographs not only verify the existence of the cavity but also show that it oscillates in size and shape.
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Tong et al. (1969) studied this question.
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