Effect of Breakdown Behavior of Passive Films on the Electrochemical Jet Milling of Titanium Alloy TC4 in Sodium Nitrate Solution

Electrochemical jet milling (EJM) has broad prospects in engineering applications, its flexibility and versatility offering distinct advantages over traditional electrochemical machining (ECM). In the EJM process, the breakdown time of the passive film plays an important role in the selection of processing parameters. The Ti-6Al-4V (TC4), has been the most widely used titanium alloy in EJM in recent years. However, little research has been conducted on the breakdown time of the passive film on TC4. In this study, experiments concerning the breakdown behavior of the passive film on TC4 were conducted to investigate the influence of breakdown time on machining process in NaNO 3 solution. Results showed that the breakdown time of the passive film stabilized at 0.58 s when the current density at the breakdown point exceeded 70 A/cm 2 . For any point on the anode surface, the breakdown of the film occurred when the quantity of electric charge reached the point needed for breakdown. The effect of cathode feed rate on the EJM process was also investigated by simulation and experimentation. It was found that an increase of cathode feed rate could improve the machining quality. However, when the feed rate was increased to 50 mm/min, a large area of unbroken passive film remained on the anode surface. Based on systematic studies, a feed rate of between 3 and 12 mm/min was judged to be optimal for the EJM process.