From the stems of Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. (Cynomoriaceae), ursolic acid and its hydrogen malonate were isolated as inhibitory substances against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) protease. Their 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were 8 μM and 6 μM, respectively. Of various dicarboxylic acid hemiesters of related triterpenes synthesized, the inhibitory activities tended to increase in the order of oxalic, malonyl, succinyl and glutaryl hemiesters of triterpenes such as ursolic acid, oleanolic acid and betulinic acid. The most potent inhibition was observed for the glutaryl hemiesters with IC50 of 4 μM.
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Ma et al. (1998) studied this question.