Pain, depression, and illness behavior were investigated in a group of 56 elderly persons. Of the subjects, 76.7% reported having pain complaints. The pain group was significantly different from the pain-free group on three of the seven scales of the Illness Behavior Questionnaire. Botrh groups obtained relatively high scores on the Denial Scale, suggesting that denial was used to fend off fear of disease and death. The two groups were nondepressed on the Beck Depression Inventory.
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Ranjan Roy (1987) studied this question.