Palliative systems with simulation activity: resilience factors and management scenarios

A significant area of research within system theories is the problem of ensuring the survivability of damaged and incomplete (with missing elements) systems. A typical characteristic of such systems is their existence in a palliative state, where the system continues to function but loses (either completely or partially) its functionality while maintaining the external signs of a "healthy" system. Various management options for damaged and incomplete systems are considered, allowing them to be preserved, as well as mechanisms for ensuring the stability of such systems. The article pays particular attention to the consideration of two main tools for replacing damaged and missing elements in systems: plugs and elements with simulation activity. The nature of their functioning, application possibilities, and activity options are defined. For externally controlled systems, three possible management scenarios for a damaged or incomplete system are discussed. The foundation of the research is based on theoretical models developed by the author in previous works concerning the stability of the system through the resources of the supersystem, the restoration of the system using preserved functional subsystems, and other systems within one supersystem, among others. As a result of the research conducted in the article, dedicated to issues that previously remained outside theoretical analysis, the variability of scenarios for effective management of damaged and incomplete systems is noted. The choice of the optimal option depends on whether the significance of the functions lost due to the damage remains during the system's development, the system's adaptability, the utility of a system with incomplete functionality, the complexity of correction, and the resources required for this. The evaluation of the feasibility of a palliative system is based on two criteria: the necessity to maintain the system in a state of limited functionality or, in extreme cases, to ensure survival; and the practicality of nominally preserving the system that reproduces the responses of an undamaged system. The novelty of the results obtained in the work lies in raising the question of the necessity for theoretical analysis of the management issues of damaged and incomplete systems, the advisability of maintaining their palliative state, and scenarios for transitioning systems to states with full functionality. The results obtained in the work may be useful in managing damaged and incomplete systems across various domains: in regulating technical systems, in enterprise management, macroeconomic regulation, and others.