Turbulence spectrums were obtained from 0.006 inch to 1 inch below the free surface of an open channel flow with a depth of 6 inches and a mean velocity of 0.93 fps. No significant variation in the spectrums was observed for the different distances below the surface. The data tend to substantiate the presence of turbulence in the region which is sometimes called the surface film in reaeration studies.
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Edward R. Holley (1970) studied this question.
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