Amplitude and phase in the diffraction near fields of small phase objects (bars with rectangular cross sections ≤λ2) are calculated according to the scalar Kirchhoff and Rayleigh–Sommerfeld diffraction theories. Results are compared with 3-cm microwave measurements. The agreement between calculation and measurement depends on the size of the phase objects because interference fields under certain circumstances will satisfy the Kirchhoff boundary conditions of the different diffraction theories.
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Michael Totzeck (1991) studied this question.
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