Disseminated Adenovirus Nephritis After Kidney Transplantation

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a linear, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA virus that typically causes a mild respiratory, gastrointestinal, and conjunctival illnesses in healthy persons.1 However, HAdV may cause more severe infection in immunocompromised patients, especially those who have received organ transplants. In kidney transplant recipients, urinary tract infection is the most frequently reported manifestation at 4.8%, with rare dissemination.2,3 In a surveillance study, 6.5% of kidney transplant recipients will have a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) viremia within the first year, without significant symptoms, that is self-limited.