Allergic and Neuropsychiatric Comorbidities: Epidemiological Associations, Shared Pathogenesis, and Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications

: Allergic diseases, including asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), and atopic dermatitis (AD) frequently co-occur with psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety, and Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), reflecting their frequent co-occurrence and shared biological pathways. The etiology of these comorbidities is multifactorial, involving genetic, environmental, psychological, and immunological factors and their dynamic interactions. Both disease groups are characterized by chronic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and neuroimmune cross-talk, while epigenetic modifications, hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction, and microbiota–gut–brain interactions have emerged as key mechanistic links. This convergence of immune and neural pathways suggests that allergic and psychiatric disorders may arise from common molecular and cellular processes rather than independent disease entities. Understanding these shared mechanisms may facilitate the development of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for allergic and psychiatric comorbidities. The rising global burden of allergy-psychiatry comorbidities underscores the urgent need for precision strategies that move beyond symptom management toward mechanistically informed interventions. Recent advances in multi-omics profiling, nanotechnology, and wearable biosensors offer unprecedented opportunities for early detection, real-time monitoring, and personalized treatment. In particular, nano-enabled biosensors capable of tracking neuroimmune biomarkers represent a transformative step in bridging immune, neurological, and mental health domains. By linking shared pathogenesis with technological innovation, this review highlights the critical importance of interdisciplinary research at the intersection of neuroimmunology, psychiatry, and biomedical engineering. Such approaches have the potential to redefine diagnostics and therapeutics for allergy-psychiatry comorbidities, improving clinical outcomes, reducing healthcare burden, and advancing patient-centered care.