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Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) grown in patterned areas are used as electron sources in field emission displays (FEDs), but detrimental electron beam spreading may occur in a vacuum space. In this paper, a novel emitter structure with two coaxial electrodes and vertically aligned CNTs is proposed and analyzed using three-dimensional (3D) computation of the electric field. One of the gate electrodes plays a role in electron extraction and the other one in electron beam focusing. Unlike the case of double-gated Spindt emitters, the focusing gate electrode is placed near the plane of the CNT tips while the extraction electrode is placed at some distance from it. An improved electric field uniformity within the CNT array and focusing of the electron beam are thus achieved. Electron beam confinement characteristics and field emission properties are calculated as functions of device geometry and its functional parameters.
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Nicolaescu et al. (2004) studied this question.
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