In this issue of EBioMedicine, Jiang and colleagues report on the association of genetic variants in Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and the risk of non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis (CM) [1]. CM represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years however, a growing number of cases has been witnessed among CD4-competent individuals, most of which without any obvious predisposing conditions. This suggests that susceptibility to CM may be, to a large extent, driven by other host or environmental risk factors.
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Cunha et al. (2018) studied this question.
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