Key result
Unified approach accurately localizes wrist BCG J waves and derives PTT highly correlated to BP.
Why the study?
Toward cuff-less blood pressure trend tracking via pulse transit time using wearable ballistocardiogram signals, prior methods to gate beats and localize waves are not ideally suited to wearable ballistocardiograms.
A novel unified approach for wearable BCG wave localization enables accurate derivation of pulse transit time, showing promise for cuff-less blood pressure monitoring.
OBJECTIVE: Toward the ultimate goal of cuff-less blood pressure (BP) trend tracking via pulse transit time (PTT) using wearable ballistocardiogram (BCG) signals, we present a unified approach to the gating of wearable BCG and the localization of wearable BCG waves. METHODS: We present a unified approach to localize wearable BCG waves suited to various gating and localization reference signals. Our approach gates individual wearable BCG beats and identifies candidate waves in each wearable BCG beat using a fiducial point in a reference signal, and exploits a pre-specified probability distribution of the time interval between the BCG wave and the fiducial point in the reference signal to accurately localize the wave in each wearable BCG beat. We tested the validity of our approach using experimental data collected from 17 healthy volunteers. RESULTS: We showed that our approach could localize the J wave in the wearable wrist BCG accurately with both the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the wearable wrist photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals as reference, and that the wrist BCG-PPG PTT thus derived exhibited high correlation to BP. CONCLUSION: We demonstrated the proof-of-concept of a unified approach to localize wearable BCG waves suited to various gating and localization reference signals compatible with wearable measurement. SIGNIFICANCE: Prior work using the BCG itself or the ECG to gate the BCG beats and localize the waves to compute PTT are not ideally suited to the wearable BCG. Our approach may foster the development of cuff-less BP monitoring technologies based on the wearable BCG.
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Shin et al. (2020) studied Healthy (n=17). Unified approach to wearable BCG gating and wave localization was evaluated on Localization of J wave in wearable wrist BCG and correlation of BCG-PPG PTT to BP. A unified approach accurately localized the J wave in wearable wrist BCG using ECG and PPG as references, with the derived BCG-PPG pulse transit time exhibiting high correlation to blood pressure.
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