We investigated the cytotoxic effects of mitomycin C with two different vehicles, sodium chloride and mannitol, on the corneal endothelium. The corneal endothelia of paired rabbit and human corneas were perfused with mitomycin C (0.5 mg/ml) and Balanced Salt Solution (BSS) Plus. Changes in corneal swelling and f-actin staining of the endothelial cytoskeleton were determined. Endothelial permeability measurements of human corneas and electron microscopy of the endothelium were performed.After exposure of mitomycin C with the vehicle sodium chloride for 10 (n = 8) and 30 (n = 5) min to human corneas, a maximal decrease in corneal thickness occurred of —66.0 ± 9.4 μm and - 107.20 ± 8.9 μm, respectively. A similar temporary deswelling effect was observed in the rabbit cornea. F-actin staining revealed disruption of the cytoskeleton. Endothelial permeability after 30 min (n = 3) mitomycin C exposure was similar for mitomycin C and BSS Plus. Transmission electron microscopy of mitomycin C-perfused corneas demonstrated vacuolation of the cytoplasm. Perfusion of mitomycin C with the vehicle mannitol for 30 min revealed no difference in corneal swelling rates, f-actin staining, endothelial ultrastructure, or endothelial permeability between mitomycin C (MMC) and BSS Plus. The osmolality of 0.5 mg/ml MMC concentrations with the vehicle sodium chloride and mannitol as provided by the manufacturer were 700 and 310 mOsmol/L, respectively.In a short-term experiment an acute osmotically induced de-turgescent effect on the corneal endothelium and a rearrangement of the f-actin fibers of the endothelial cytoskeleton occurred by the hyperosmotic vehicle sodium chloride of the MMC solution. No permanent membrane changes of endothelial cells due to mitomycin C toxicity itself were seen.
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Nuyts et al. (1995) studied this question.
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