The anatomical structure of the bivalve mantle, which is responsible for the formation of the carbonate shell, ontogenetic features of growth, and formation of rhythmical and casual layers are described. Different types of microstructure seen under an optical and electron microscope are illustrated by block-diagrams. Based on the material of different taxonomic groups of Bivalvia, the possibilities of microstructure characters for systematics are discussed.
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С. В. Попов (2014) studied this question.
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