Exploring MHD-driven flow and heat transfer in a Casson fluid with non-uniform temperature in a square enclosure

This study explores the behavior of a non-Newtonian Casson fluid within a square cavity influenced by an inclined magnetic field (MHD) and radiation effects. A circular obstacle at a uniform hot temperature Th, is centrally embedded, while the cavity walls maintain varying temperature distributions. The upper wall moves with a steady velocity, introducing inertial forces. The finite element method (FEM) solves the governing equations, analyzing parameters like the Casson parameter β=(0.1–10), Hartmann number Ha=(0–100), Reynolds number Re=(1–50), Grashof number Gr=(103–105), radiation parameter Rd=(0.5– radius of cylinder r=(0.1–0.2), and an inclined magnetic field φ=(0–90). Results show flow magnitude increases with β and Re, while Ha reduces it. Nusselt number rises with Re,Gr, and Rd, showcasing Casson fluid’s potential in thermal management systems.