Both Fe(C) and Fe(O) nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized using a modified graphite arc-discharge method. X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM), and electron diffraction (SAED) analyses indicated that both of these Fe nanoparticles have an average grain size of 15−20 nm and α-Fe, γ-Fe, and Fe 3 C phases are clearly identified in those Fe(C) particles, while an α-Fe and oxide layer (Fe 3 O 4 ) are revealed in these Fe(O) particles. Mössbauer spectra and hyperfine magnetic fields at room temperature (RT) further confirm their distinct nanophases. At RT, the assemblies of Fe(O) nanoparticles exhibit ferromagnetic properties due to magnetocrystalline anisotropy effects. However, modified superparamagnetic relaxation is observed in the assemblies of Fe(C) nanoparticles.
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Sun et al. (2002) studied this question.
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