Computational simulation of stenotic arterial blood-based nanofluid flow with interparticle spacing, particle radius and waste discharge particle impacts

The simulation of blood-based nanofluid flow inside a stenosis artery plays an essential role because this model predicts how arterial stenosis alters the blood circulation, shear force, heat and mass transport in influenced arteries. It describes how arterial stenosis improves the flow rate in a narrow area, amplifies the wall shear force and alters the mass and thermal transport that are key components in plaque rupture and vascular injury. These models are practically important due to their support in identifying abnormal cardiac hemodynamics, controlling the heat and mass transportation, identifying the cardiovascular disorders and enhancing the drug delivery. Based on these practical applications, the present study focuses on the Darcy-Forchheimer blood-based magnesium oxide ( MgO ) nanofluid flow past a stenotic artery with thermal radiation, suction/injection, viscous dissipation, activation energy, exponential heat generation and endo/extrothermal chemical reactions. Also, the present investigations include the interparticle spacing, nanoparticle radius and waste discharge effects. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) and appropriate boundary conditions are reduced to non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using suitable similarity transformations to facilitate the numerical evaluation of velocity, temperature and nanofluid concentration profiles via the MATLAB bvp4c scheme. Flow parameters are evaluated at the cylindrical surface and the corresponding results are presented through graphs. Streamline plots were displayed to visualize the velocity profile, which indicates that the velocity profile augments with a maximum value of curvature parameter. One of the remarkable findings of this research revealed that the velocity profile declines as the value of the Forchheimer number intensifies. The thermal profile improves when exacerbating the value of an exponential heat generation parameter. The nanofluid concentration profile elevates as the value of external pollutant concentration and external source variation factor augments.