The scientific papers here collected result from the Transient Tracers in the Ocean (TTO) program. The two parts of this major geochemical and physical oceanographie expedition took place in the North Atlantic Ocean in 1981 and in the Tropical Atlantic in 1983 on the research vessel Knorr of the Woods Hole Oceanographie Institution. The expeditions, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Energy (North Atlantic only), were designed to observe the passage of man‐made geochemical tracers into the interior of the ocean. The foundations for such an experiment were laid in the 1972‐1978 GEOSECS program. Here, for the first time, a systematic survey revealed the penetration into the thermocline and deep ocean of the products of man's military/industrial activities, principally tritium and carbon‐14 resulting from atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons, which terminated with the nuclear test ban treaty in 1962.
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Brewer et al. (1985) studied this question.