State and citizens in Norway: Organisational society and state – municipal relations

In this article we argue that two of the most crucial parts of the Norwegian democratic infrastructure – the civil society, consisting of voluntary associations, and local governments – are experiencing problems. From being institutions for popular influence and participation, they may now be enjoying less autonomy and power. First, we see a turning away from the ideological mass movements and a greater interest in smaller and single-purpose associations that are better at catering for individual needs and wishes, but poorer at giving members a voice in central decision-making processes. Second, we examine changes regarding the relationship between central and local governments. The current public sector reforms, which are influenced by ‘New Public Management’ ideology, seem to weaken municipal autonomy by emphasising the need for greater central government supervision and control.