Self-assembly of a tris(urea) anion receptor with Na 2 SO 4 or K 2 SO 4 yields crystalline capsules held together by coordinating Na + or K + cations and hydrogen-bonding water bridges, with the sulfate anions encapsulated inside urea-lined cavities. The sodium-based capsules can be selectively crystallized in excellent yield from highly competitive aqueous alkaline solutions (∼6 M Na +, pH 14), thereby providing for the first time a viable approach to sulfate separation from nuclear wastes.
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Rajbanshi et al. (2011) studied this question.
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