Photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from a non-carbon source, ammonia in aqueous solutions

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This review investigates hydrogen production via photocatalysis using ammonia, a carbon-free source potentially present in wastewater. Photocatalysis offers low energy requirements and high conversion efficiency compared to electrocatalysis, thermocatalysis, and plasma catalysis. However, challenges such as complex material synthesis, low stability, spectral inefficiency, high costs, and integration barriers hinder industrial scalability. The review addresses thermodynamic requirements, reaction mechanisms, and the role of pH in optimizing photocatalysis. By leveraging ammonia’s potential and advancing photocatalyst development, this study provides a framework for scalable, sustainable hydrogen production and simultaneous ammonia decomposition, paving the way for innovative energy solutions and wastewater management.