An effective sequence: Palladium-catalyzed asymmetric allylic alkylation, Heck cyclization, and diastereoselective allylic oxidation were used in the total synthesis of (−)-galanthamine (3) in 14.8 % overall yield (from 1 and 2, Troc=2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl) and with 96 % ee. This improved procedure provides the shortest and most efficient nonbiomimetic synthesis of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.
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Trost et al. (2002) studied this question.